Hawker Centres in Singapore

Hawker Centres in Singapore This paper examines how the success of the hawker centers in Singapore has to do with several factors that we can acknowledge as well in Colombia, even though the two countries are so diverse in cultural aspects. The Hawker Centers have been part of the Singaporean culture since 1950, making them a deeply rooted tradition; that must be adapted in order to fit into the Colombian complex and diverse culture. Here we intend to show how the concept can be implemented in Colombia in a successful way that allows us all to identify ourselves with our roots and matching points as Colombians. INTRODUCTION Hawkers Centers are open-air complexes with many stalls that sell a wide variety of inexpensive food, resembling a food mall. These centers are the most popular and an emblematic place to eat in Singapore; and since the population of the country is so diverse, the food offered includes all the cultures (Chinese, Malay and Indian). People generally go to these places to find something they like and to enjoy the multicultural pluralism of this country, in a context where cultural differences are converted into cultural match points. The Hawkers Centers are considered the CULTURAL METAPHOR of Singapore. According to Martin Gannon, in these places one can find 5 characteristics that described the culture, those being: Ethnic diversity but unity, Efficiency, the power of women, and, Safety and  Synthesizing traditional and new values. Colombia is a multicultural society, and is subdivided in what we can call micro-nations, the most of them are located in the natural geographical regions, The Caribbean Lowlands which culture is the result of a mixture between indigenous and Africans, the Pacific Lowlands where the roots of African culture are exposed, the Andean Highlands where people reflects the strong influence of their Europeans ancestors, and finally the Orinoco savanna and the Amazon rainforest two regions evidencing the pre-Columbian identity of this salad Bowl called Colombia. Mil Sabores, una Identidad Hawker center will be a place where the 5 geographical and cultural regions of Colombia will be represented, and Colombians coming from all around the country will find in food the way to make the cultural differences a reason for unity instead of conflict. COLOMBIAN CULTURE We consider that Colombia is a Salad Bowl, composed by different subcultures which are difficult to classify, Estanislado Zuleta says that Colombia is divided in 3 main groups of people, the coastal, the caribeans, and the people from the high plateaus (altiplanos).bajucol-colombia The multicultural and multiethnic character of Colombia is explained by its history, the Caucasians and the Africans races were brought by the conquest, and these new races get mixed with the indigenous, given birth to new ethnic groups, making possible that today Colombia counting on a population of approximately 44 Million with have an ethnic composition of 58 percent mestizos, 20 percent Europeans, 14 percent mulattos, and the remaining of African descent and mixed African-Amerindian. The geographical regions of Colombia are another way in which we can classify the cultural differences. Due to the difficult topographical situation of the country there is a geographical isolation, each region has developed unique and diverse characteristics, making even more difficult to describe Colombia as one culture. The complex cultural diversity of Colombia is reflected by the different traditions, values, believes but also by the diversity of the gastronomy, the aesthetics such as the music, architecture, painting, dancing, theater and many others. The Andean region for example is cultures where there are strong remains of the European ancestors, people on this region have a strong character and are usually hardworking and big entrepreneurs. inside the region there are also differences and we can divide the cultural groups in the Paisas from Antioquia and from the coffee Region, the Santandereanos from Santander and Norte de Santander, a part of the Vallunos from Valle del Cauca and Cauca, the Tolimenses , the cundiboyacenses from the interior part of the country, the Pastusos form Narià ±o and finally the Rolos from Bogota. The Caribbean Lowlands is the product of a mixture between Indigenous and Africans, in this region you can find tropical and outstanding way of life, the region located in the north of Colombia is composed by the Costeà ±os from the Atlantic coast and the savannas of the north, the Guajiros are also part of this region and are in their majority from the Guayu indigenous group. Then is in Pacific lowlands where we find the strongest roots of the Africans, the region of the Afro-Colombians is characterized by its flavors, colors and ancestral rituals that even other Colombians are not familiar with. This particular region ins composed by the chocuanos from Chocà ³ and the afro-Colombians from Narià ±o. The Orinoco savanna located in the east part of the country is also a different world like every region in Colombia. The terrific landscapes of an eternal green that get mixed with the sky in horizon, and the virgin jungles are the homeland of the llaneros and of many Indigenous tribes that are protected by the forest as their natural barrier. Finally the Amazon rainforest is the natural guardian of the most traditional and ancestral values and beliefs of the pre-Columbian tribes, this region whose population is mainly indigenous is an amazing place, that can be described in only one word DIVERSITY. The most of Colombians are not familiar with this region, maybe because due to our high uncertainty avoidance, our aversion to risk and to what is different, we dont even dare to cross this forest rich in bio- and cultural-diversity. Colombians are so different, regionalist and in a way ethnocentric, we are aware of our differences and the majority is deeply identified with their regional culture and defend it from the others influence; we are a kind of a salad bowl where people is together but never melted. But despite all those differences there are some things that we love about this multiculturalism, things that constitutes the match point of our cultures, making possible that we all feel and enjoy being Colombians, those things are Food, Music and art. Hofstedes analysis The analysis for Colombia is very similar to other Latin American countries; where societies are slow to accept changes, are risk-adverse and have a high concern for rules. This can be because in Colombia the population is mainly catholic, which promotes the idea that there is an absolute truth. According to the analysis that Hofstede made, Colombia has one of the highest rankings in Masculinity, what this means is that there is high degree of gender inequality, and that men are the dominant within the society. Colombia has high uncertainty avoidance, which explains the low level of tolerance for the unknown and the foreigners; this also explains the need for rules and laws. Collectivism is very important for our culture, the family is very influential on each individual, and loyalty is required in order to maintain the harmony. Finally the high power distance shows the huge inequality of power and wealth in the society, which explains the high level of poverty. SINGAPORE CULTURE Singapore is a City State with a population of 4,5 millions, the territory is divided in 65 islands. Singapore has become the way to get into the Asian countries and the place where most of the companies want to have their headquarters because of Singapores economic and political security. This high quality of life is thanks Thomas Stanford Raffles, the founder of Singapore and who created the port that nowadays is between the first by volume and the second by containers busiest port of the world and also created a neighborhood for each ethnic group where each region could be governed by itself. Then lee Kwan Yew, the father of the modern Singapore has implemented a system that implemented the western democratic values but always maintaining the Asian identity. In Singapore people live in harmony, they are usually well educated and really smart. Although there are from different neighborhoods, languages and cultures, the interaction among them is really common, Chinese can marry Indians, in a Hindu temple located in Chinatown, is like a salad bowl of Malays, Indians, Chinese and Europeans. Singapore is a pluralistic place, where they interact between each other, but dont create just one culture, they are Chinese Singaporean, Indian Singaporean, Malays Singaporean, etc., they dont change their roots, although the bulk of Singaporeans do think of themselves as Singaporeans, regardless of race or culture. Each still bears its own unique character  [1]  .worldmap-singapore Each ethnic group has its own religion and its own festivals, but anyone can attend. The tolerance is really important and there is not discrimination toward people from another religion. For example the Chinese are predominantly followers of Buddhism, Taoism, Shenism, Christians, Catholics and some considered as free-thinkers (Those who do not belong to any religion). Malays have the Muslims and Indians are Hindus. There is a sizeable  number of Muslims and Sikhs in the Indian population  [2]  . Singapore has four official languages: Mandarin (comes from china), Malay (comes from Malaysia), Tamil (comes from Indian) and English (comes from Europe). The last one is the most used for communication and business, the others are talk only in their homes in order to keep the roots and traditions of their home culture. In Singapore almost everyone speak more than 2 languages. They have a dialect called Singlish is like a symbol for many Singaporeans and its an influence of Malay and Chinese that have change some words in the informal English language. Whatever the race or religion, the countrys communities unite as one nation, where most religious or racial gaps are being bridged  [3]  . The Hawker centers are considered by Martin Gannon the cultural metaphor of Singapore. There are five features of the hawkers that let us to identify the culture in Singapore. First, Ethnic Diversity but Unity, as we already said, Singapore is composed by three ethnic groups, so Chinese , Indian and Malays live in harmony and are treated as Singaporeans provided with the same rights and Obligations. In the hawker centers the different ethnic groups are represented, each one has a number of stalls depending on their percentage on the total population. The unity between the different cultures in Singapore is highly explained by the five principles imposed by Lee Kwan Yew: Nation before community and society before the self. Family as the basic unit of society Community support and respect for the individual Consensus, not conflict Racial and religious harmony  [4]   Second, Efficiency, in hawker centers there is an unspoken rule, servers and customers must be quick and efficient. Efficiency in Singapore is evident in communication in which people usually prefer quick aswers, and also in the cutting-edge technology present in the different aspects of daily life. Third, the Power of Women is an evident factor in the centers; the number of men and women working in the center is the same and are treated in the same way. Women also play important roles in business, and there are a lot of policies promoting equal opportunities in the workplace. Fourth, the safety is one of the most important aspects of the social system in Singapore, there are rules and regulations governing the simplest aspects of the peoples life, these regulations are also strict regarding the Hawker Centers. Fifth and finally, synthesizing traditional and new values, Singapore is trying to maintain their traditional Asian values while implementing efficiency and practicality. The hawker centers represent this because they offer traditional food, but also western food. HOFSTEDES ANALYSIS According to Hofstede Singapore is a country with a high power distance, where the even if poor people is not so poor, there is a big gap between the rich and the poor. There is also a high power on the leaders, and population is forced to obey the law. The individualism is very low, due to the Confucian values there is a tendency to collectivism, the country cares a lot about family values and cooperativism. The country has male values such as people being worth for themselves and every person should take after themselves, but regarding the role of women, there is an equality of gender and they have an important role in society. Finally, uncertainty avoidance is low, due to the multiculturalism, people is no afraid of what is different. But if we take into account the extreme regulations it should be a little bit higher. SIMILARITIES Colombia and Singapore are as different as a western and an Asian country can be. But even if those differences are so marked culturally speaking, we find some similar situations or conditions in which the two countries have simililarities. First taking the Hofstede dimensions of both countries as reference, it can be seen that three out of the dimensions evaluated are quiet similar, Colombia and Singapore present a high level of Power distance, in both countries the gap between rich and poor people is so big, it has be taken into account that the dimensions and the concept of the richness or the poorness is different in both countries. Individualism is very similar too, the collectivism characteristic of the Asian countries is also present on the Colombian culture. Masculinity is also high, evidencing two goal oriented cultures, were success is synonymous of recognition, but in terms of the role of women in society we can say that even if Colombia is one of the countries of lain America with more women participating in high rank positions, Singapore has advanced more regarding the equality of genders. Finally the difference in the uncertainty avoidance is evident, while in Singapore there is not aversion to new, unknow n or different things, Colombians are pretty scared of change; but in terms of norms we can say that both countries have a huge amount of rules and regulations that evince a high uncertainty avoidance. Then when we talk about similar conditions, we are referring to the multiculturalism. With similar conditions, we mean, respecting the proportions, that in both countries there is a lot of people from different cultural backgrounds living within one state that is trying to build one cultural identity respecting differences and enforcing thins in common. IMPLEMENTATION Business idea We have chosen to bring and to adapt the concept of the HAWKER CENTERS of Singapore, into our country. (Bogotà ¡) The Hawker center is going to be called MIL SABORES, UNA IDENTIDAD. It is going to be located in the North of Bogotà ¡, and it is going to be more fashionable and delightful than the ones in Singapore; this is due to the fact that people in Bogota believe in status, in differentiation and they are willing to pay the price if you are offering something containing this characteristics. The idea is to create a place with different food stalls according to the five Colombian regions which are: The Caribbean Lowlands, Pacific Lowlands, Andean Highlands, Orinoco savanna and the Amazon rainforest. Bogotà ¡ is the capital of Colombia, this makes it the city in which the best universities, jobs and opportunities are found; for this same reason people from all over the country goes there to achieve their goals, and prepare for the future. We can consider Bogota as a the Singapore of Colombia, where people from different cultural backgrounds live an interact with each other in a pluralistic environment. According to the quantity of people from each region living in the capital, a proportionate number of stalls will be installed. And besides this, a small number of stalls will be dedicated to International food, such as Arab, Chinese and Italian. The idea is to offer our customers dishes from their regions but also to offer them dishes that otherwise they wouldnt find so easily. So the experience of going to MIL SABORES, UNA IDENTIDAD is planned to be like a trip trough Colombia, where the costumer can interact with people from different regions and get to know their gastronomy and their culture. The place is going to be decorated with the most typical objects of each region and music from our artist will be played. REASONS FOR POTENTIAL SUCCESS We believe that this project, if implemented, would have success because although we have high uncertainty avoidance (according to Hofstedes) .We do enjoy to try and to get to know different aspects of other cultures. We can say that we are selective in our integration, and that is why we love to go in vacations to the coast and eat excessively, because we enjoy their food, that is very hard to find when being in the interior. Since we are offering the experience of feeling in a trip through out Colombia, some of the difficulties that Colombia has as a state are creating opportunities for our business to thrive. For example: The hard mobilization through our country. The dangers of making a road trip. The difficult economic situation. The unsanitary conditions of the food in some places. The long distances and the poor infrastructure. DIFFERENCIATION Our main concern is for people to believe that MIL SABORES, UNA IDENTIDAD is just like any regular food mall, but as soon as the customer enters in the building it will discover that this innovative project, is nothing like a regular food mall it is an experience for all your senses that you cant find elsewhere in Colombia. The mix of music, food and entertainment will allow the customer to feel in different places at the same time and to experience the richness of our folklore. TURISTIC ATTRACTION As international negotiators we appreciate the foreigners that decide to visit our country and that are interested in getting to know us. Because of this, we have decided to integrate everything that represents us in one single place. Coffee is one of the things that we are known for, so it is clear that we are going to take advantage of this, and build a coffee stall, with a variety of products that contain coffee, such as: caramel, candies, drinks. Etc. Finally we believe that a souvenir store is also required for foreigners, where they can find hand-made stuff from our natives and artisans, such as hammocks, jewelry, musical instruments, clothes etc. CONCLUSIONS We have concluded that with the correct adaptation, the concept of Hawker Centers could have success in Colombia. The implementation is based on the different regions, making this an inclusive project, taking advantage of the contrasting influences that have gathered in the country. The experience in MIL SABORES, UNA IDENTIDAD is going to be like a trip into the different Cities, where all the family can enjoy dishes of the diverse cultures, creating them a sense of awareness for the other. Finally this project is going to awake the sense of a national identity and the patriotism of the people for their country by focusing in how our differences can bring us together instead on breaking us apart.

My Desires for and Commitment to a College Education Essay

Thirteen years ago my father came to America with no money or education believing that he would surely make something of himself. With his very low education he received a job washing dishes at a restaurant to put food on his plate and to pay for the one room apartment that he rented. After four years he was able to bring me along with my brother, two sisters and my mother to come stay with him. With all of us together he had to work two jobs to support all of us and that truly was difficult for him. He soon was able to send my mother to a school for adults so she have a diploma and help out with the bills and purchase some new attire for us to wear. Once I saw first hand how hard it was for my parents to survive with their low education my one desire and commitment was focused on my college education and coming from a family with does not receive much income I recognize how important it would be to me to receive my education which is why I will strive to receive it. My sister was also a big influence when I saw her graduate from FAMU with a bachelor’s degree and now is the credit manager of sears. Watching how successful she has become I knew I could do the same by going through any impediments which may stand in my way. After receiving a bachelor’s I will also head for a master’s to further open my education. As of right now I am currently employed as a student library for the Broward County Main Library in Florida. I was hired because of my integrity, intellectual personality, and my commitment to the job. This job has given me the opportunity to save up some money for college to pay for some of the books and tuition costs. Having this job has made my commitment toward my education the more important to me, as well as giving me a better understanding of hard work and dedication. I now feel confident that I have gained valuable experience with my work however, I now that earning a bachelor’s degree will further enhance the skills I need to work in my field of business. Once in college I will take the courses of Business Administration since IÂ  have always desired a career that requires innovation, educated risk, and foresight. I learned to respect these qualities from my father through his example I have learned firsthand the advantages and challenges of a person with a low education and a person with a high education -the reward to be gained and the total commitment required. Having a degree in Business Administration would be a significant asset in my account just in case if I were to plan on working for a business which involved management, finance, or marketing. Upon my second year in college I plan to enroll in the track courses of Entrepreneurial Studies. These classes will teach me advanced business techniques and their successful implementation. In addition, academic entrepreneurial organization would be both are both educational and enjoyable since I view these as an opportunity to meet students or teachers who share similar goals.

Annotated Bibliography About Computer Hacking Cybercrime and Cyber-Security

Clemmitt, Maria. Computer Hacking. Can â€Å"good† hackers help fight cybercrime? (16, Sep 2011). Volume 21, Issue 32. Web Retrieved 02, Feb 2012 from file:///E:/work%20files/writers%20bay/January%20Projects/Case%23141223/document1.htm Maria has clearly emphasized the importance of web security by means of approaching hackers to fight for the greater cause. The report includes discussions of leading website giants, tackling issues about cybercrimes and security measures needed in order to make the virtual environment risk free. Hackers think and act the alike, if there is a need to catch a cybercriminals the best way possible is to use another to work for law enforcers. The report showed the relevance of using hackers to track down cyber offenders. Evidently the vast diversity of technological advancement makes it difficult to pinpoint the culprits in most cybercrimes. The government on the other hand is working on getting their hands on hackers that can change sides. The disadvantage on this set up is that hackers are hackers, no matter which side they are working with they still have the capability to either save or to destroy an organization. Marshall, Patrick. Cybersecurity. Are U.S. military and civilian computer systems safe? (26, Feb 2010). Volume 20, Issue 8. Web Retrieved 02, Feb 2012 from file:///E:/work%20files/writers%20bay/January%20Projects/Case%23141223/document2.htm Based on this report, it shows that big or small any organization is vulnerable to cyber attacks. Even military infrastructures are prone to cybercriminal activities, if high security systems such as the military are still being bombarded with hacking activities what more of private computers at home.   Although the report showed the difference in resources between hackers and military based equipments, it is evident that the value of hardware and software being used for cyber intrusion is not paramount in conducting cyber crimes. Another fact established in this report is the reality that geographical border is no longer a strong barrier to overcome. Anyone from any place can attack, private organizations, government agencies and military database. The situation becomes potentially problematic when the perpetrators decided to spoof the source. When that happens, law enforcers will then face a biggest challenge of identifying the criminals. Katel, Peter. Identity Theft. Can Congress give Americans better protection? (10, Jun 2005). Volume 15, Issue 22. Web Retrieved 02, Feb 2012 from file:///E:/work%20files/writers%20bay/January%20Projects/Case%23141223/document3.htm The report focused on the issue of identity theft which is causing life changing experiences to the victims. Katel addressed the issue in a comprehensive manner that all aspects of the problem have been discussed in details. The problem with identity theft is that cyber criminals have the privilege to gain access to pertinent information such as social security number, credit card number, address and phone numbers. Having that power to steal another person’s information allows them to use that information to acquire money or materials of great value. As a result, the victims are facing more devastating surprises. There are cybercriminals that are caught for committing identity theft, but the problem is that there is no strong policy and established law that will apprehend cyber criminals in particular. As a result, the victims spend more time clearing out their reputation and struggling to pay off debts caused by identity theft. Clark, Charles S. Regulating the Internet. Can the use of cyberspace be governed? (30, Jun 1995). Volume 5, Issue 24. Web Retrieved 02, Feb 2012 from file:///E:/work%20files/writers%20bay/January%20Projects/Case%23141223/document4.htm Computer and internet together have already became a way of life, a great number of our population are computer dependent. But because of the rising incidents of cybercrimes, online security is becoming a major issue that legislators and government are trying to resolve. This report by Clark discusses preventive measures and policy plans to regulate the use of the internet along with the objective to impose rules that will control cyberspace activities. Apart from identity theft, intrusions and cyber terrorism; another issue is being addressed in this report that involves stealing of intellectual property or otherwise called as piracy. Movie makers and record producers are working hand in hand with the government to prevent online piracy which is causing them huge loss of revenue. The obstacle that law makers are facing in this problem is how they could control people from using the internet without stepping into a person’s personal privacy and cutting intellectual property le akage. Hansen, Brian. Cyber-Crime Should penalties be tougher? (12, Apr 2002). Volume 12, Issue 14. Web Retrieved 02, Feb 2012 from file:///E:/work%20files/writers%20bay/January%20Projects/Case%23141223/document5.htm The climbing rate on cybercrime has already reached an epidemic proportion. With that on hand law makers are working on addressing this issue by creating policies that will totally keep cybercriminals are bay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hansen’s report talks about the severity of penalties that needs to be imposed on criminals lurking in the virtual community. The prevailing laws in most countries are not yet updated to completely adhere to the call for a change in policy. Existing laws have their own priorities and criteria set to determine severity of the crime and it applicable punishment. Since cybercrimes delivers the same degree of damages as traditional crimes, this report provides adequate reason for putting up a more severe punishment for cybercrime offenders. Instances of cyber criminals caught served lighter sentences as compared to the ones who committed the same crime on a traditional approach and most people sees it as unfair justice.

Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - 1720 Words

It is normal, following a traumatic experience, for a person to feel disconnected, anxious, sad and frightened. However, if the distress does not fade and the individual feels stuck with a continuous sense of danger as well as hurting memories, then that person might in fact be suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PSTD could develop after a traumatic incident which threatens one’s safety or makes one to feel helpless (Dalgleish, 2010). Coping with traumatic events could be very difficult, but confronting one’s feelings and seeking professional assistance is usually the only way to properly treat PSTD. Many kids and adolescents worldwide experience events that are traumatizing. If exposure to trauma is not treated, it could lead to various mental health problems. Researchers have reported a connection between traumatization and increases in mood and anxiety disorders, but the most frequently reported symptoms of psychological distress are post-traumatic stress symptoms (Cohen, Mannarino Iyengar, 2011). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is basically a conjoint parent and child psychotherapy approach for kids and teenagers who are undergoing significant behavioral and emotional difficulties pertaining to traumatic life events (Jensen et al., 2014). In essence, it is a components-based treatment model incorporating trauma-sensitive interventions with family, cognitive behavioral, as well as humanistic techniques and principles. Parents andShow MoreRelatedTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1560 Words   |  7 Pagestraumatic situations. Countless experience several types of trauma. Although some children exhibit amazing strength in the aftermath of these incidents, many have pain or develop psychological issues that can be long lasting, and very serious... Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is parts -based psychosocial treatment model that includes elements of cognitive-behavioral, attachment, humanistic, empowerment, and family therapy mod els (insert citation0. It includes several primary componentsRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy773 Words   |  4 Pages Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is a conjoint child and parent psychotherapy approach for children and adolescents who are experiencing significant emotional and behavioral difficulties related to traumatic life events. This online TF-CBT course shows step by step instruction in ten modules for each component of therapy. 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The treatment approach is applicable to a variety of clients as it is designed to be used with children ages three toRead MoreTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: an Effective Treatment Modality for Children and Adolescents Who Have Experienced Traumatic Incidents1687 Words   |  7 PagesTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Effective treatment modality for children and Adolescents who have experienced traumatic incidents * What is TF-CBT and What is it Best Suited for: Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) was developed by psychologists J.A. Cohen and, Mannarino, Knudset and Sharon. TF-CBT has been developed for those who have experienced psychological trauma, often on a great scale of magnitude. It is important to define trauma; â€Å"There areRead MoreDifferent Methods Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy1474 Words   |  6 PagesThis summary will provide the reader with different methods of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. CBT can be used for multiple populations and is known for changing the way one thinks. This summary will focus on the use of CBT with children who have experienced a traumatic event in their life, also known as post traumatic disorder (PTSD). The articles that have been reviewed provide different interventions for children who have experienced PTSD and determine how effective the methods were. According toRead MoreThe Most Damaging Types Of Trauma1730 Words   |  7 PagesIn the immediate, as well as long-term aftermath of exposure to trauma, children are at risk of developing significant emotional and behavior difficulties (CWIG, 2012). The most damaging types of trauma include early physical and sexual abuse, neglect, emotional/psychological abuse, exposure to domestic violence and other forms of child maltreatment (Hoch, 2009). Research has shown that children that are exposed to these types of trauma will experience developmental delays including language and verbal

The Case Of The Gauis Julius Caesar - 783 Words

Throughout history, many important events have become more and more grandiose as they are passed down from generation to generation. The case of the Gauis Julius Caesar is no exception. The death of a ruler who conquered vast amounts of territory, was able to proclaim victory in a civil war, and seized power as the singular lifelong ruler of the Roman Empire undoubtedly had seismic impacts on the ancient world. While the assassination of Caesar was documented and written down rather than passed down through oral accounts, instances of fact turning to mythical narrative is increasingly clear. After reading the historical reports of Plutarch, Suetonius, and Nicolaus, it is eminently apparent that events become rather embellished and far-fetched with the passage of time. While Nicolaus could retell the events he may have lived through, Plutarch and Suetonius did not record their versions until more than two centuries later. The acute differences in their accounts are made evident by th e details emphasized and various discrepancies between the three accounts. If we are to explore the differences between these three retellings, we must first determine the similarities shared between the texts. Nicolaus, Suetonius, and Plutarch all agree with the major plot points of the event. All three that this story unfolds in the following manner: Caesar receives numerous warnings foretelling his death, Caesar is convinced by Decimus Brutus to ignore these warnings and meet with the senate,

Human Relations and Scientific Management Free Essays

Ha Chi K50BF During the period of the nineteen and twenty century, the world industry had reshaped itself with the new present of technology and information transfer in new manner. In the complex situation of the economy, F. W Taylor(1856-1917), published his principles in managing which was called Scientific Management and had been popular as the core managing style for various business models up to now. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Relations and Scientific Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scientific Management focuses on logical task provision and maximising productivity based on task performance. A few years after Taylor’ death, Elton Mayo(1880-1949) made a significant movement in managing perception rooted in Hawthorne ‘s experiences at an electric company. The new perception quoted that managing an organisation was not only maximising productivity, it was also about satisfy organisation internal people ‘s needs. By this way or another, there are gain and loss, which will be clarified hereafter. To begin with gain by each approach, Scientific in particular, providing logical principles in working processes in a manner of analysing discrete tasks, finding one best way in practise, choosing suitable people respectively to accomplish the tasks. By this way, clear tasks were for clear individuals which helps increasing productivity by assigning right people for the right jobs, avoiding responsibility denying and easier in measuring work performance. Scientific Management was the orthodox foundation in modern business management models. Later revolution in managing had relied on its principles up to now. Besides that, Human relations Approach did have pretty different in perception. It had pointed out the important in human behaviour at work and the development of management thinking. In this case, managers behaviour was a vital aspect of motivation and improved performance. Furthermore, maintaining good relation among group of people, sharing feelings with staffs emphasised on the needs of social organization and generating working motivation as well as creating somehow group values and norm. The importance of organization has been pushed up to a high level that had never mentioned in other Human relations perception. Continuing with the bad sides of both approaches, Scientific Management Approach had ignored the interaction among organisations. Although it motivated employees by monetary reward, it refused to sympathy to employees’ concerns and feelings. As a result, works became a routine and boring, workers were treated as manufacturing machines, they were made light of dignity then they gradually losing interest in work. In addition, training process was kind of waste money. It was pointed out that, one in eight trainees was capable to job requirements( porter job). In recent practise, Human Relation Approach are popular in any industries, people choosing a job is not only for high salary, but also appreciate to good working environment, extra incentives and social needs from organisations. Nowadays, Scientific Management is still relevant to some extent such as work assignments, salary based performance( in hospitality job). Overall, there are different points in this two conceptions. However, Human relations Approach is seemed that more innovate and practical method in business management. The managers decide to use which method or even combination need to consider further factors such as major, economy and so on to establish a good strategy. Case study DELL How to cite Human Relations and Scientific Management, Papers

Change Proposal Addressing Inequality in Australia

Question: Discuss about theChange Proposalfor Addressing Inequality in Australia. Answer: Introduction The term inequality generally refers to a social, financial, professional and national phenomenon which deprives individual or group of individuals from getting equal rights compared to others. The below provided study is a change proposal which is aimed at the purpose of finding solutions or addressing inequality in Australia. In recent few decades due to massive globalisation and other significant national issues in Australia inequality has massively increased within the nation in terms of wealth, education and income (Saunders, 2016). It has been observed in several of recent reports that increasing wealth, income and education inequality in Australia is causing severe damages to the living standards and subsequently inequality is becoming one of the most hazardous national issues as well. Hence, in the below provided change proposal a detailed analysis has been made on inequality issues and possible reasons behind their occurrence in Australia so that appropriate proposals could be recommended or the solution of issues (Ford, 2013). Description of the Issues In case of income inequality in Australia, after the World War 1 phase the economic growth of Australia was pretty equal for every socioeconomic group within the nation but the differences are majorly caused by uneven growth of fulltime earning among the top and bottom socioeconomic groups in the society. Over the last decade the riches 10% people in Australia have enjoyed a growth of almost 50% in their earnings where the bottom 20% poorest population in the nation have not got 12% growth in their income (Martinez Jr et al 2015). Even among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries Australia provides the lowest unemployment benefits to its people which makes things more severe for poorer people in the society (Fenna Tapper, 2015). On the other hand, wealth inequality is also a significant issue which is just a reflection of the consequences of income inequalities. The wealthiest 20% household in Australia accounts almost 61% of the total household net worth and the average worth in these richest households is near to $2.2 (Martinez Jr et al 2015). On the other hand, the poorest 20% household in Australia accounts only 1% of the total household net worth within the nation and the average wealth for every household is around $31,205 (Dollman et al 2015). These differences of wealth show the severity of inequality within the nation which is no doubt a significant issue for the overall development of society and national economy. Another aspect of inequality which makes the things worst for people is educational inequality and uneven distribution of education across the nation. It should be mentioned that the income of a post graduate individual in Australia is higher than income of two individuals having year 11 or lower qualification (Saunders, 2016). Hence, it is very evident that inequality of income or wages in terms of educational qualification is another significant aspect which triggers the effects of inequality within Australia. Another significant factor which triggers the issues of inequality in Australia in terms of education is massive privatisation of secondary education system and subsequent lack of affordability of higher education to the poorer people in the society. Where most of the richest nations and OECD nations have only 10% of their secondary education system acquired by the private organisations in Australia almost 30% of the secondary education system is acquired by private authoriti es (Dollman et al 2015). Subsequently, pooper people in Australia fail to afford the expenses for having proper education from these privatised secondary education institutes and as a result the issues of inequality rapidly increase due to the stagnation of educational growth for the poor socioeconomic people (Richardson Denniss, 2014). Hence the main reasons which could be identified for the increasing inequality in Australia are listed below, The main reason for inequality issues in Australia is economic dominance of the riches socioeconomic group and lesser support to the poorest people (Fenna Tapper, 2015). The taxation system in Australia is also inequitable sand inadequate with respect to the income and wealth hold by the richest people in the society. Subsequently, the wealthiest are gaining more wealth and the poorer could not get the justified government aid due to lower national income for lower taxation of richer socioeconomic groups (Martinez Jr et al 2015). The relative value of various government transfer payments is also remarkably lower than other richer and OECD nations (for example unemployment benefits) which also restrict the growth of poorer people (Fenna Tapper, 2015). Educational inequality and lack of affordability of higher education to the pooper people in the society is also a significant reason for the inequality issues in Australia (Stiglitz, 2014). Proposal for Change Now the proposed changes which could be recommended to Australian Government for reducing the issues of inequality within the nation are discussed below. According to the classification by Beckett (2006) theories can be either formal or informal. Formal theories are the ones that can be traced back to an author, whereas informal theories are such which are generated from the experience of the social worker. The informal theories are due to the experience and practice of the social workers and this is also referred to as practice wisdom. In this case practice wisdom has been used to provide the proposal for change The taxation system of the nation must be reformed first for applying justified taxation on the income richest socioeconomic group in the society. That would be an effective approach for the nation to reduce the differences of income among the richer and pooper people in the society. It will also increase the income of Australian government to gain higher amount of government funds through taxation system depending on which aids to pooper people could be increased and better social development could be endured as well (Saunders, 2016). The education system in Australia must be reformed for long term objective of permanent elimination of inequality within the nation. It is discussed in the previous segment of this proposal that 30% of the total secondary education system in Australia is privatised which makes higher education unaffordable for the poorer people in the society. Until the Australian government is focusing on the educational development of the poorer people it would not be possible for the nation to develop their income abilities (Bray, 2014). Hence, the privatisation of higher education system must be controlled by the government of Australia so that higher number of poorer people in the society could gain education without bothering about expenses. More government educational institutes must be formed and private institutes must be instructed by the Australian Government for contributing to the educational development of disadvantaged groups in the society (Dollman et al 2015). In UK we have observed the national policies and legislations like National Minimum Wage Act 1998 which controls the organisations within the nation to pay uniform wages to people working at same operation level (Stiglitz, 2014). Hence, the Australian Government must ensure a justified range of wage through relevant legislations for people working in the base level operations in different industries. Moreover, The Australian government must set the pension and other governmental benefits above the poverty line so that poorer people in the society could be helped with their economic growth with the government aided funds (Saunders, 2016). The Australian government should also identify the areas where unemployment is a severe issue so that effective job creation programs could be conducted in those regions and eligible people could be provided with proper employment opportunities. The employee management and cooperative ownership model for businesses operating within the nation should also be reformed by Australian Government so that valid employment opportunities could be created for poorer people in the society in different industries (Richardson Denniss, 2014). The government could also conduct various skill development programs in different regions suffered with unemployment so that people could be provided with justified and effective employability skills and knowledge to arrange employment for them. The banking system in Australia could also contribute to the development of poorer socio economic groups through providing them with micro finances to arrange self-employment (Bray, 2014). The social determinants of health in Australia should be complied with the WHO recommended standards so that better health and wellbeing of society could resist the increase of health inequality as well (Ford, 2013). Assessment of Feasibility If the feasibility of the proposed approaches to the Australian government would be analysed it could be observed that those are effective and feasible for reducing inequality. First of all reformation of education system will make the higher education system more accessible for the poorer socioeconomic groups which will increase their abilities to apply for better jobs. Better education will increase the employment opportunities for poorer propel and that would be the solution for redacting the inequality with respect to income and wealth as well (Leigh, 2013). The reformation of the taxation system will enable the Australian Government to reduce the differences of wealth and income among the richer and poorer socioeconomic groups and it will provide the government with more funds through taxation which could be utilised for educational and health development for pooper people in the society as well (Dollman et al 2015). Another significant factor which has been observed for having significant role to create inequality in Australia is wage differences. Hence, government policies and legislations for ensuring valid wages to the base level staffs would be effective for reducing wage differences. The skill development programs and micro financing facilities to the disadvantaged groups in the Australian societies would also be effective for reducing the inequalities through facilitating people for getting better jobs or creating employment for their own (Richardson Denniss, 2014). Conclusion It could be concluded from the above change proposal that the focused issues are significantly influential for the overall economic development of Australia and if proper solutions would not be implemented then situations will turn to worst in near future. The recommendations made in this change proposal are expected to be effective for the nation to change the scenario and the assessment of the feasibility proves the effectiveness of the proposed approaches (Ford, 2013). However it should be mentioned that elimination inequality is not only the responsibility of the government of a nation but also people within the nation should give efforts for eliminating it. Thus, people in Australia who have financial and educational abilities for enhancing the condition for disadvantaged groups should give a bit focus for helping the nation to get out of the impact of inequalities (Leigh, 2013). References Beckett, C., (2006) Essential Theory for Social Work Practice. Sage Bray, J. R. (2014). 18. Changes in Inequality in Australia and the Redistributional Impacts of Taxes and Government Benefits. Measuring and promoting wellbeing: how important is, 423. Dollman, R., Kaplan, G., La Cava, G., Stone, T. (2015). Household Economic Inequality in Australia (No. rdp2015-15). Reserve Bank of Australia. Fenna, A., Tapper, A. (2015). Economic inequality in Australia: A reassessment. Australian Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 393-411. Ford, M. (2013). Achievement gaps in Australia: What NAPLAN reveals about education inequality in Australia. Race Ethnicity and Education, 16(1), 80-102. Leigh, A. (2013). Battlers billionaires: The story of inequality in Australia. Black Inc.. Martinez Jr, A., Western, M., Tomaszewski, W., Rampino, T. (2015). Should We Be Concerned about Income Inequality in Australia? An Empirical Investigation of Inequality of Opportunities (No. 2015-19). Richardson, D., Denniss, R. (2014). Income and wealth inequality in Australia. Saunders, P. (2016). Housing costs, poverty and inequality in Australia. Housing Studies, 1-16. Stiglitz, J. (2014). Inequality: why Australia must not follow the US. The Sydney Morning Herald, 7.